When it comes to amplifying sound for events, having the right equipment can make all the difference. A PA (public address) system is crucial for delivering clear and powerful audio, whether you're addressing a small crowd or a stadium.
Still, understanding how these systems work and which setup best fits your needs can be overwhelming. In this guide, we’ll break down the basics of PA systems, covering everything from components to common use cases, to help you find the perfect solution for your event.
Defining the PA System
Let’s start by answering a few key questions.
First things first: What is a PA system?
Simply put, a PA system is a series of interconnected audio equipment that can amplify sound. A PA system can be as small as a single-speaker setup or contain dozens of PA speakers.
With that in mind, what is a PA speaker? The speaker is the device at the end of the chain that produces sound. Any speaker that connects to a PA system is considered a PA speaker.
Now, you might be wondering, “What does PA system stand for?” PA is short for “public address,” though you’ll rarely hear that term in the industry—most people abbreviate it.
A Brief History of PA Systems
Even though few people use it, the PA system’s full name hints at its original purpose: Addressing the public.
The first documented usage of a PA system was over 100 years ago. In 1915, inventors Edwin Jensen and Peter Pridham used a microphone and loudspeaker to broadcast Christmas carols and speeches to 100,000 people.
In the following decades, the PA system evolved to bring amplified sound to movie theaters, concert halls, and other public spaces.
Technology has come a long way since then, and today, many PA systems are advanced setups that can accommodate both wired and Bluetooth-enabled speakers.
The Components of a PA System
Of course, a PA system comprises more than just speakers. A typical system will include the following components:
- Microphones – No PA system is complete without a microphone. Mics capture audio at the source, sending your voice or instrument out through the speakers. Some microphones are designed to pick up the human voice, while other, more specialized mics best suit the low frequencies of kick drums or the high frequencies of crashing cymbals.
- Amplifiers – As the name suggests, the amplifier amplifies the incoming sound. Amps are necessary because the signal that enters a microphone—your voice—comes through relatively quietly. The amplifier ensures that when the signal reaches the speakers, it’s loud enough to be heard.
- Speakers – The speakers convert the amplified signals into the sound your audience hears. More specifically, it’s the drivers inside the speaker cabinet—known as tweeters and woofers—that send audio out to the crowd.
- Cables – Unless you have a wireless microphone, you’ll need an XLR cable to connect your mic to the PA system. Most setups also have speaker cables running between each speaker and the amplifier.
- Bluetooth Speakers (Optional) – If you want to minimize cables, opt for a Bluetooth speaker setup. Heavy-duty Bluetooth speakers, like the Stage One from Electrotec, can act as an all-in-one PA system. Thanks to the built-in amplifier, all you have to do is plug in a microphone and start speaking. Because they’re wireless and portable, Bluetooth speakers are ideal for mobile or outdoor setups.
- Mixer (Optional) – A mixer allows you to blend several audio sources and adjust individual volume and effects for each one. As such, you’ll need a mixer when amplifying multiple performers or audio sources. Many mixers have built-in amplifiers, so you may not always need a standalone amp.
Common Uses of PA Systems
While the sheer number of components may make PA systems seem overly complex, they’re actually quite approachable. With some basic audio knowledge, anyone can set up a simple PA system to speak, sing, or play music through.
As such, PA systems are used in numerous situations, from small-scale events to professional settings. Let’s look at some of the most common use cases.
Public Announcements
True to their original purpose, PA systems are frequently used in schools and public buildings for various announcements, including:
- Updates
- Reminders
- Safety alerts
These professionally designed PA systems are usually part of the building, with speakers mounted on the walls or ceiling and a microphone fixed in the office.
Corporate & Business Use
Many large-scale presentations and conferences happen in auditoriums with built-in PA systems. In these cases, a live sound technician can help organizers broadcast speeches, songs, and slide decks to the crowd.
Minor events with a single spokesperson, such as workshops and seminars, can make do with a simpler PA system. Businesses often rent and set up two PA speakers, an amplifier, and a microphone for these situations.
Concerts & Events
Every event space, from the smallest live music venue to the arena, will have a built-in PA system to amplify voices and music.
PA systems in concert halls and stadiums are complex setups with dozens—or even hundreds—of speakers. Still, the fundamental components are all present.
Mobile & Small Events
Even at mobile or outdoor events, such as backyard weddings, block parties, and rallies, PA systems can give you the volume you need.
There’s just one problem: traditional PA systems require external power. To bring sound to an outdoor event, you typically have to connect your PA system to a generator. Unfortunately, generators are noisy, heavy, and produce unpleasant fumes.
In these cases, a portable, battery-powered Bluetooth speaker, like the Electrotec Stage One, can stand in as a full-fledged PA system. With its rugged construction, multiple inputs, and extensive battery life, the Stage One is the best loud Bluetooth speaker for outdoor events.
How to Choose the Right PA System
Whether you’re buying or renting a setup, you want the right PA system for the job. As you decide, consider these factors:
- Venue size – The smaller your event, the fewer speakers you’ll need. A 100W, two-speaker setup is plenty for a small room; a 500W multi-speaker system will fill a mid-sized venue with sound; anything bigger, and you may want to book a space with a built-in system.
- Bluetooth option – If you value portability, flexibility, and a quick setup, you can’t go wrong with a wireless speaker. A Bluetooth speaker like the Stage One can join you anywhere, making it the perfect PA solution when you’re on the go.
- Budget considerations – Finally, you’ll have to balance cost with the need for advanced features. If all you need is a simple setup for speeches, you could spend less than $1,000. However, if you want wireless functionality and onboard effects, your costs will rise.
A well-chosen PA system can elevate any event, ensuring your message or music reaches the audience with clarity and impact. By understanding your venue size, power needs, and whether a wireless option like Electrotec’s Stage One Bluetooth speaker is the right fit, you can confidently select a system that delivers top-tier performance.